6th World Congress and Expo on Applied Microbiology October 21-22, 2019 Rome, Italy

Biography:

Dijoux-Franca Marie-Geneviève has completed her PhD in Chemistry of Natural Compounds at Champagne-Ardenne University and Postdoctoral studies from NIH-Fort Detrick, Frederick MD, USA. She works as a Professor of Botanical Pharmacy and Phytochemistry at University Lyon 1. She has published more than 63 papers dealing with natural compounds and their impacts on biological systems. Since 2006, she joined the Laboratory of Microbial Ecology. Her research scope is the role of natural compounds in environmental multiresistance, their impact on efflux pumps and their potent activities as MDR reversion

Abstract:

The resistance of bacteria to antibiotics has been declared by the WHO as a major public health issue since 2014. Indeed, the list of bacteria capable of resisting almost all available antibiotic molecules is growing. For a long time this problem has been linked to the misuse of antibiotics and has been limited to the hospital environment. More recently, it has integrated human activities (industrial environments, etc.) and agricultural environments. Thus the role of the environment as a source but also in the transmission of antibiotic resistance raises many questions. In the fight of the antibiotic resistance spread, it is currently impossible to limit vision simply to the aspect of human or animal health. Indeed, all ecosystems are linked (human, animal, environment). It is therefore essential to analyze the situation in a global "One Health" context integrating the issue of antimicrobial resistance in all these ecosystems. It is therefore essential to increase the field of knowledge on the environmental factors that could be involved in the phenomenon of antibiotic resistance and its dispersion. There are particularly favorable environments for the dispersal of multidrug resistance, such as all areas of strong human activity (mining areas ...) and farms. It is recognized that in these areas pollution by organic waste, metallic trace elements, are all factors triggering adaptation mechanisms developed by microorganisms. But what about the role of plants and their metabolites in this environment?. In this context of antimicrobial resistance plants metabolites can be considered according to different aspects. Present in the soil, they can be considered in the same way as other environmental factors that can impact the structure of soil bacterial communities. Isolated, these metabolites can have antimicrobial activities in the search for new antibiotics. And finally, others can act on the resistance mechanisms in these particular environments.

Biography:

Maria Valeria Raimondi has completed her PhD in Pharmaceutical Science at the University of Palermo, Italy and Post-graduated Master in Drug Design and Development at University of Pavia, Italy. She has worked as a Visiting Scientist in Medicinal Chemistry at University of Hamburg-Fakultät MIN-Fachbereich Chemie-Organische Chemie. She works as an Assistant Professor in Medicinal Chemistry at University of Palermo, Italy. She is a Lab Chief for Laboratory of Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds with Potential Biological Activity at University of Palermo, Italy, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies. She has published more than 40 papers in international peer-reviewed journals.

Abstract:

Sortase A (SrtA) is a membrane enzyme responsible for the covalent anchoring of surface proteins on the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria. Nowadays it is considered an interesting target for the development of new anti-infective drugs which aim to interfere with important Gram-positive virulence mechanisms. Along the years, we studied the anti-staphylococcal and anti-biofilm activity of some natural and synthetic polyhalogenated pyrrolic compounds, called pyrrolomycins. Some of them were active on Gram-positive pathogens at a μg/mL range of concentration (1.5-0.045 μg/mL) and showed a biofilm inhibition in the range of 50-80%. In light of these encouraging results, herein we present our efforts in the design and synthesis of novel pyrrolomycins. To dispose of sufficient amount for the in-depth in vitro investigation, we developed an efficient and easy-to-use microwave synthetic methodology. All compounds showed a good inhibitory activity toward SrtA, in accordance with the molecular modelling studies, having IC₅₀ values ranging from 130 to 300 µM comparable to berberine hydrochloride, our reference compound. Particularly, the pentabromo-derivative exhibited the highest capability to interfere with biofilm formation of S. aureus with an IC₅₀ of 3.4 nM. This compound was also effective in altering S. aureus murein hydrolase activity, responsible for degradation, turnover, and maturation of bacterial peptidoglycan and involved in the initial stages of S. aureus biofilm formation.

Biography:

Nahla Omer Eltai has completed her PhD at Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany; Postdoctoral studies from University of the West of England, U K She is a Research Associate at Biomedical Research Centre, Qatar University, Qatar. She has published more than seven papers in the field of antibiotic resistance in reputed journals. Her research interests are multidisciplinary with emphasis on molecular diagnostic approaches, antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance, test of new natural antimicrobial agents. She is adopting the one health system approach by studding antimicrobial resistance in agriculture, environment and human

Abstract:

Antibiotic resistance is one of the major public health challenges in both developed and developing countries. The development and spread of resistant bacteria have been linked to the misuse of antibiotics in human and animal populations. Moreover, the spread of resistance has been associated with the consumption of food contaminated with pathogenic and non-pathogenic resistant bacteria. There is limited information of antibiotic resistance contamination of raw chicken meat in Qatar. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of antibiotic resistance among local and imported chicken whole carcasses in Qatar. A total of 270 chicken carcasses locally-produced (chilled) and imported (chilled and frozen) were obtained from three different hypermarket stores in Qatar. A total of 216 Escherichia coli (E. coli) were isolated and subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing using disc diffusion method. Furthermore, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production was determined via double disc synergetic test. In addition, isolates harboring colistin resistant was determined using multiplex-PCR and DNA sequencing. Nearly 89% (192/216) of the isolates were resistant to at least one of the 18 antibiotics. In general, isolates from local and imported chicken carcasses showed relatively higher resistance to sulfamethoxazole (62%), tetracycline (59.7%), ampicillin and trimethoprim (52.3%), ciprofloxacin (47.7%), cephalothin, colistin (31.9%) and gentamicin (15.7%). On the other hand, less resistance was recorded against amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (6%), cefuroxime (6.9%), ceftriaxone (5.1%), nitrofurantoin (4.2%) and piperacillin/tazobactam (4.2%), cefepime (2.3%), meropenem (1.4%), ertapenem (0.9%), fosfomycin (1.8%), and amikacin (0.9%). Nine isolates (4.2%) were ESBL producers. Furthermore, 63.4% (137/216) were multidrug resistant (MDR). The percentage of MDR, ESBL producers, and colistin-resistant isolates were significantly higher among local chilled isolates compared to imported chilled and frozen chicken samples. Our findings indicate high antibiotic resistant prevalence in chicken carcasses in Qatar, including ESBL, MDR and colistin resistance. Such resistant E. coli could potentially spread to humans through consumption of chicken meat. Development and implementation of a stewardship program to control and monitor the use of antibiotics in animal production locally and introduce testing of imported chicken for antibiotic resistance are needed in Qatar.

Biography:

Yulian Konechnyi is doing his PhD in microbiology at Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Ukraine. He has completed his MD and have specialization in internal medicine. He has worked as lecturer at the department of microbioly in microbiology, virusology and immunology topics, at Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Ukraine. He has published 10 differentpapers.

Abstract:

Introduction. According to WHO, approximately 15.0% of all hospitalized patients suffer from Hospital-Acquired Infection (HAIs). Data from USA and Europe show 1,3% to 2,03% cases of HAIs in hospitalized patients. In Ukraine - 5-7.000 proven cases of HAIs and 500.000 unregistered cases per year. One of the methods to prevent HAIs is control strategy in Intensive care unit (ICU), where last-line antibiotics are currently used.

Objective. To define spectrum of microbial flora and antimicrobial sensitivity of HAIs in some ICU in Lviv city, Ukraine.

Methods. It was investigated 124 clinical materials from 60 patients at the public hospitals in Lviv during July 2018 - May 2019. Were isolated 144 strains of pathogenes. HAIs was defined as infection that appeared in patient later than 48 hours after hospital admission. Causative bacterial strains were isolated and identified using bacteriological method (Mueller Hinton Agar, Blood Agar, Saburo Agar, selective & differential media CHROMID*VRE, CHROMID*MRSA SMART, CHROMID*Candida etc. (Biomerieux)) and biochemical tests MIKRO-LA-TEST NEFERMtest24, CANDIDAtest21, STAPHYtest24 etc. (ErbaLacema). Antibiotic sensitivity test was done according to Kirby-Bauer technique.

Results. HAIs structure was as follows: Staphylpcoccus lentus (17.7%), Eschrichia coli (20.2%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (9,7%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (24.2%), Streptococcus spp. (2.4%), MRSA (3,2%), Candida albicans (8.1%). There were several types of HAIs which are rarely founded, such as Staph.simulans, Staphylococcus gallinarum, Staphylococcus haemolyticus Staphylococcus lugdunensis, Aerococcus viridans, Pragia fontium, Aeromonas ichthiosmia, Raoultella terrigena, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Macrococcus caseolyticus, Pseudomonas oryzihabitans, Pseudomonas putida, Candida dubliniensis, Candida membranifaciens, Candida glabrata. Anti-microbial sensitivity assessment showed that more than 90.0 % pathogens were multidrug resistance (MDR). 75% of strains were atypical strains (T-index ≥ 0,25).

Conclusion. In the era of antibiotics HAIs are still uncontrollable. Most cases of HAIs in Ukraine are not recognized as epidemics. More than 90.0 % pathogens are MDR and most of them are atypical strains. Diagnostic capabilities show a number of rare species of microorganisms that cause nosocomial infections. It is important to use this fact when one attempts to design prevention or control strategy to reduce HAIs either at WHO level, or at the level of local health care unit.

Acknowledgement: We thank directors of the hospitals and ICU teams.

Ethical Committee: 25/06/2018 â„– 6.

Biography:

Mamoru Wakayama has his expertise in enzymology and fermentation technology. He has consistently been studying the enzymes involved in amino acid metabolisms as well as the enzymes responsible for degradation of non-digestible poly saccharides such as chitin and alpha-1,3-glucan.

Abstract:

Streptomyces thermodiastaticus HF3-3 from soil was screened as an α-1,3-glucanase producing strain. The strain HF3-3 showed the highest α-1,3-glucanase activity in culturing it by using α-1,3-glucan as a sole carbon source. It produces two types of α-1,3-glucanases namely AglST1 and AglST2, which were homogenously purified by column chromatography: DEAE-cellufine A500 and HiTrap QHP-GE. SDS- PAGE showed the approximate molecular weight 62 and 91 kDa for AglST1 and AglST2, respectively. AglST1 and AglST2 specifically acted on α-1,3-glucan. They exhibited the same optimum of pH 5.5. Their optimum temperatures were slightly different, which were 65 °C and 60 °C for AglST1 and AglST2, respectively. The other characteristics including pH stability, the effect of NaCl, the effect of ion metals, and the effect of toothpaste ingredients (NaF, SDS, BTC) had been studied. The results indicated AglST1 and AglST2 were insensitive toward various substances. Notably, the outstanding properties of AglSTS from S. thermodiastaticus HF3-3 were thermostable which would be worth in applications. From amino acid sequence analysis, AglST would be classified as a new subfamily of glycoside hydrolase 87, since its sequence has high homologous with mycodextranase, and shows low identity with the known sequences of α-1,3-glucanase. The recombinant α-1,3-glucanases, designated as rAglST1 and rAglST2, were successfully expressed in E. coli with showing the most properties same as the wild-type enzyme. rAglSTs could retarded the formation and degraded the fully formed biofilm effectively. In conclusion, α-1,3-glucanases from S. thermodiastaticus HF3-3 have been characterized and could be used practically in the application of dental care.

Biography:

Panyapon Pumkaeo has completed his Bachelor’s degree from the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand. Currently, he is pursuing his PhD at United Graduate School of Agricultural Science (UGSAS) in Gifu University, Japan. His research is about “Bioaerosol.” He would like to analyze the bioaerosol sample that collected in the atmosphere by using the Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) to know the information of organism present in aerosol where they come from which impact in environment, to avoid bio-invasion. Also, he would like to apply the result from NGS data for developing the primers too easy for identifying the organism in Bioaerosol

Abstract:

The bioaerosols are the atmosphere particles, mists or dust of µm range, associated with metabolically active or inactive viable particles. They contain living organism’s included microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi also plant material as well as pollen. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) is a novel method of DNA sequencing that quickly and efficiently read the underlying sequence of an organism by means of massively parallel sequencing. The aim of this study is identifying organisms which contained in environmental samples by using NGS. This study monitored the environmental sample (bioaerosols) from November 2013 to January 2015 for 50 days using air samples were collected at AIST, Tsukuba, Japan. Samples were bio-analyzed using a next-generation sequencing method. In this study, we used two NGS platform, GS FLX+ (Roche 454 sequencing) and Illumina Misep. The sample was detected plants, eukaryotes and bacteria. The sample was divided into two subgroup subgroups according to the size of its bioaerosols, large subgroup contains bioaerosols whose diameter is bigger than 3.3μm, and small subgroup contains those smaller than 3.3μm.The most abundant bacteria in several samples were of the Actinobacteria (class), Alphaproteobacteria, Bacilli and Clostridia. For the animal detection using internal transcribed spacer 1, only uncultured fungi were detected in more than half of the hits, with a high number of Cladosporium sp. in the samples. For the plant identification, the ITS1 information only matched fungal species. However, targeting of the rbcL region revealed diverse plant information, such as Medicago papillosa. In conclusion, traces of bacteria, fungi, and plants could be detected in the bioaerosols, but not of animals using those primers.

Recent Publications

1. Choi, Jae-Hoon, Ayaka Kikuchi, Panyapon Pumkaeo, Hirofumi Hirai, Shinji Tokuyama and Hirokazu Kawagishi (2016) Bioconversion of AHX to AOH by resting cells of Burkholderia contaminans CH-1. Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry 80 (10):2045-2050.

2. Panyapon Pumkaeo. 2018. "Identification of Bacteria from bioaerosl at AIST, Tsukuba, Japan." Proceedings of International Symposium on Animal Production and Consevation for Sustainable Development 2018 UGSAS-GU & BWEL Joint Poster Session on Agricultureal and Basin Water Environmental Sciences 2018:P18.

Biography:

Ruba Abdulrahman Ashy is pursuing her PhD in Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Red Sea Research Center at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia. She worked as a teacher assistant of Microbiology Science from 2009 at King Abdulaziz University, SA. Her PhD research interest is in environmental microbiology and virology. Her main aim focuses on determining the potential viability of lysogenic bacteria or infectious viruses and their survival in certain environmental areas by the development and the evaluation of virus detection methods. This research will 

Abstract:

Viruses are the most abundant microorganisms in marine environments. Viral infections can be either lytic (virulent) or lysogenic (temperate phage) within the host cell. The Red Sea is a narrow oligotrophic basin classified as the warmest water temperatures, which may affect the dynamics of microbial community. Studies on lysogenic bacteria in the Red Sea remain unexplored. The aim of this study was to quantify viral dynamics in the Red Sea and to investigate the occurrence of lysogenic bacteria based on a temporal study. Over two years, we quantified fortnightly environmental parameters and virus and bacterial abundances in a coastal station of the Red Sea. During the second year, monthly seawater samples were examined for prophage induction by mitomycin C. Water temperatures were high, from 25.4 to 31.93 °C and total viral and bacterial abundances ranged from 1.51 to 8.56 × 106 and from 1.94 to 3.16 x 105 cells mL-1, respectively. The burst size was calculated as 13.81. We determined that 12.24 % ±4.82 (SE) of the treated bacteria were lysogenized with the highest percentage of 55.8% observed in January 2018 when bacterial abundances were low. Second small proportions were identified in July and September, which potentially related to the stressful conditions to phages with no induction, was observed in the spring time where bacterial abundances were at the highest. Our results confirm that lysogenized cells were favoured when bacterial populations were low; however, there was no clear relationship between lysogeny and seasonal changes in the Red Sea environmental conditions, as the stressful summer did not induce high lysogeny neither lytic infection.

Biography:

Yolani Syaputri is pursuing her PhD at Gifu University. She has worked in the area of especially food fermentation, lactic acid bacteria, and bacteriocins. Currently, she is developing fermented tea from Gifu, Japan. She is interested to find a potential lactic acid bacterium which is isolated from many samples. She focused on identification bacteriocin gene or structural gene, immunity protein and secretion gene to get the genetic information and develop them to make a good product.

Abstract:

Post-fermented tea samples, before fermentation, primary and secondary fermentation process from each company were collected and studied. Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. ozaenae, Pseudomonas glareae, Klebsiella variicola, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were observed in tea leaf before fermentation. Furthermore, in primary and secondary fermentation Lactobacillus plantarum became one of the major lactic acid bacteria species can survive in these processes. The results showed that plnA, plnEF, and plnNJK existed in primary and secondary fermentation. Two potentials L. plantarum were isolated from post-fermented tea samples, L. plantarum IYO1501 and L. plantarum IYO1511. plnA and plnEF were encoded on plasmid of L. plantarum IYO1501 and L. plantarum IYO1511. Whereas, plnNJK was encoded on L. plantarum IYO1511 chromosome. Schematic representation of plnA, plnEF, and plnNJK gene cluster in L. plantarum showed different schematics gene cluster. The cluster structure of plantaricin encoding region was not shown yet around plantaricin gene region before. plnA on L. plantarum IYO1501 showed 96% homology of GenBank. The results showed clearly that L. plantarum IYO1501 and L. plantarum IYO1511 produced plantaricin on plasmid and on chromosome and play an important role for the success of the product.

Recent Publication

1. Strong Antimicrobial of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Species Identification of Virgin Coconut Oil Products in Padang West Sumatera, Indonesia (2017). International Journal on Advance Science, Engineering and Information Technology (IJASEIT)

2. Isolation and Characterization of Lactobacillus spp. From Virgin Coconut Oil, West Sumatra. 2018. International Symposium on Animal Production and Conservation for Sustainable Development

3. Probiotic Research in Several Products of Virgin Coconut Oil from Padang, Indonesia. 2018. Journal of Physic

Biography:

Estherly Grace M. Gonzales has completed her pre medical degree of Bachelor of Science in Nursing at the age 20 from Universidade de Sta. Isabel as cum laude and had her medical degree at the age of 26 years from Far Eastern University- Dr. Nicanor Reyes Medical Foundation. She is currently on resident training in the Department of Internal Medicine in Bicol Medical Center, a premier hospital of Bicol Region in the Philippines

Abstract:

Introduction: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus has several presentation and cutaneous lesion is the  second most frequent presentation of SLE. Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis-like cutaneous lupus erythematosus was considered as a rare variant of Acute Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus with different presentation with the classical drug-induced TEN. Differentiating the two entity will be useful in the management and determining the outcome of the patient.

Objectives: : In this report, we present a rare presentation of a newly diagnosed case of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus presenting with Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis-Like skin lesions. Specifically, to present the clinical manifestations, approach to management and correlate it with previous case reports.

Case: A 37 years old female who presented with 6 years history of multiple joint pains, alopecia, photosensitivity, and intermittent undocumented fever. She was admitted due to appearance of TEN-like skin lesions. This case was diagnosed with SLE based on SLICC Criteria: hematologic, mucocutaneous and autoimmune criteria. TEN- like cutaneous lupus erythematosus was considered by using Naranjo and Hartwig scoring system. Patient was managed with steroids and hydroxychloroquine wherein lesions resolved.

Conclusion: This case highlighted that TEN is not always due to drug reaction hence, may be attributed to other disease. This concluded that TEN like cutaneous lupus erythematousus does exist and it is a rare manifestation of SLE. Early recognition, proper physical examination, and diagnostic procedure should be done in a prompt manner to aid in the diagnosis and treatment.

Biography:

Abstract:

Leishmaniasis is a parasitic neglected disease reported from over 100 countries. The available tools to control the disease control are not fully effective. The only tool to control a disease like leishmaniasis is development of effective vaccines. There is almost no vaccine available against any infectious disease caused by intracellular parasites in which cellular immune response is responsible for protection.

In murine model of leishmaniasis, the type of immune response which generated govern the outcome of the disease; in resistant strains of mice Th1 type response is generated and a lesion similar to human CL develops, the lesion heals spontaneously and upon healing the animals are protected against further lesion development, in contrary the same infection in susceptible BALB/c mice induces Th2 response which accompanies a severe systemic disease and eventually every infected mouse succumbed to the disease. Although in murine model of leishmaniasis, generation of Th1 response induces cure and protection against further infection, but generation Th1 or Th2 is not the whole story. The surrogate marker(s) of protection in human intracellular infections such as leishmaniasis is not well known. In human leishmaniasis, cure and protection accompany with induction of strong immune response which is shown in vivo by leishmanin skin test and in vitro, by a high level of IFN-γ, low level of IL-5 and IL-10 which is an indication of induction of Th1 response. A Th2 response is seen in visceral leishmaniasis, and non-healing cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) refractory to treatment. Protection in CL caused by Leishmania major, is mediated by the expansion of antigen specific IFN-γ producing CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells. Memory T cell population is responsible for Leishmania-induced IFN-γ production. Effector memory T cells are responsible for protection against Leishmania infection.

Recent Publications

Biography:

David Squarre is currently the head wildlife veterinarian for the Department of National Parks and Wildlife in Zambia. He previously worked and managed the wildlife veterinary service department at the Zambia Wildlife Authority. He works mostly with free ranging wildlife in National Parks and protected areas in Zambia. He is currently a PhD candidate at Hokkaido University, Japan, focusing on vector bourne zoonotic parasites. He is also persuing his MSc in Conservation Genetics and Wildlife Forensics at the University of Edinburgh, Scotland. He has published more than 15 peer reviewed papers on subjects related to wildlife health and conservation. He has presented his work at several conferences on wildlife health and conservation at the Society for Wildlife Forensics, Scotland (2017), Japan Graduate (JGRID) and society for conservation GIS 2014 (california). He has received several awards including the Hashimoto award, Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) and Society for Conservation GIS (SCGIS)

Abstract: