10^th World Congress and Expo on Applied Microbiology November 21-22, 2022 Dubai, UAE

Biography:

Arinao Murei is affiliated to the School of Mathematics and Natural Science, Microbiology Department, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa.

Abstract:

The implementation of Water and Sanitation Safety Plans (WSSP) has the potential of greatly improving the challenge of resource-limited drinking-water supplies. However, the most effective tool to make WSSP successful is understanding of the factors that contribute to hindering the implementation of these plans, specifically in rural communities. This study therefore aimed at assessing the status of basic services and determining the factors that contribute to hampering the process of WSSP in rural communities. A survey was conducted between March 2020 and March 2021 in rural communities of the Vhembe District, Limpopo Province, South Africa. The overall results indicate that poverty, unemployment, lack of access to purified water, and inadequate sanitation facilities have resulted in water borne diseases reported with in the communities and have a major impact in hindering WSSP. Other barriers observed are inequality regarding financial power, absent and degrading water and sanitation infrastructures, and lack of protection and maintenance of natural water sources. Therefore, there is a need for community members to be educated on proper behaviour and perceptions towards sanitation, including working hand-in-hand with different stakeholders, men and women from communities, and different cultures and religions to overcome these barriers, so that human disease associated with water supply, wastewater reuse, and sanitation in rural communities can be alleviated.

Biography:

Bedaso Kebede has his expertise in diagnosis and investigation of animal diseases and analysis of food safety

Abstract:

Introduction: Infectious disease impacts are reduced due to the development of antimicrobial agents. However, the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents is reduced over time because of the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. To overcome these problems, scholars have been searching for alternative medicines. Ricinus communis is used as a traditional treatment for bovine mastitis, wound infection and other medicinal purposes.

Objective: The objective of the present study was to further evaluate the antimicrobial activities of R. communis leaf extracts and fractions.

Methods: R. communis leaves were macerated in methanol and acetone. The methanol extract showed better antimicrobial activity and subjected to further fractionation via increasing polarity of solvents (n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and aqueous). Test microorganisms included in the study were six laboratory reference bacteria (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Kleibsella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pyogenes), two clinical isolate bacteria (E. coli and S. aureus), and Candida albicans. The agar well diffusion method was employed to determine antimicrobial activity. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal/Fungicidal Concentrations (MBC/MFC) were determined through broth microdilution.

Results: The results indicated that the best antimicrobial activity for ethyl acetate fraction ranged from 14.67 mm (clinical E. coli) to 20.33 mm (S. aureus) at 400 mg/ml, however, n-hexane exhibited the lowest antimicrobial activity. Among the tested fractions, ethyl acetate fraction showed the lowest MIC values ranged from 1.5625 mg/ml (S. aureus) to 16.67 mg/ml (Candida albicans). The ethyl acetate fraction showed bactericidal activity against all tested microorganisms. Conclusion: Hence, ethyl acetate fraction of crude methanol extract exhibited the best antimicrobial activity

Biography:

Emmanuel Osisiogu is affiliated to the Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Science and Technology, Dr Hilla Limann Technical University, Wa, Ghana.

Abstract:

The advent and spread of colistin resistance genes have significantly hampered the efficacy of colistin; which is a last resort antibiotic for treating terminal infections. The rising prevalence of AMR in Gram-negative bacteria is a major medical concern with ramifications that will inevitably affect a variety of socioeconomic aspects on a global scale. Globally, both humans and animals are colonized by potentially pathogenic colistinresistant organisms and this has left the world with limited therapeutic options. Thus, this study sought to determine the relationship between the type of habitat and the presence of bacteria with colistin resistance genes. A total of 39 water samples were collected aseptically from five (5) different communities in the Volta region of Ghana from June 2021 to August 2021. Bacteria was isolated from the samples and analysed for colistin resistance phenotypically using the MIC method. Isolates which showed resistance phenotypically were subjected to Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) using the Oxford Nanopore Technology. The WGS data was processed and analyzed using the Epi2Me Cloud platform. No Mobile Colistin Resistance (MCR) gene was detected. However, PhoP which is part of a two-component regulating system that activates the PmrA/B system which has downstream effects, leading to antimicrobial resistance to colistin was found in 81.01% of the isolates. This gene was detected majorly in Lokoe and haboured mostly by Proteus mirabilis (37.84%). Some other Enterobacteria identified during the study to habour the PHoP gene include E. coli (16.22%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (5.41%), Pseudomonas aureginosa (16.22%) and Citrobacter werkmanii (5.41%). The results demonstrate a high frequency of colistin resistance in enterobacterial strains isolated from water samples in the region. Thus, there is the need to halt the indiscriminate and non-therapeutic use of colistin to prevent the emergence and spread of colistin resistance genes.

Biography:

Fazia Ait-Zenati from University of Bejaia, Algeria.

Abstract:

Background: Cervical Cancer (CC) is the fourth most common malignant neoplasia in women worldwide. Persistent Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection is the main factor, but not sufficient for the development of this disease. In addition, the role of the Human Herpes Virus (HHV) also appears to be a subject of debate. Since the main route of transmission of HPV and HHV is sexual, it is fair to assume that co-infection of HPV and HHV is a decisive factor in the development of cervical cancer.

Material & methods: Cervical cancer screening campaigns were carried out in different regions of Bejaia province, between 2019 and 2021. Cervical smear samples were collected and analyzed to verify the presence of infectious agents and cell abnormalities and lesions.

Results: During this period, 1774 women were screened. 27 women were diagnosed with a cell abnormality (ASC-US, ASC-H, LSIL, HSIL, AGC). HHV was identified in 16 women. However, HPV was identified only in 10 women.

Conclusion: Statistics and data on the presence and even the involvement of HPV and HHV are lacking in Algeria that is why it is necessary to remedy to the situation.

Biography:

Muhammad Asif Rasheed is affiliated to the COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus, Pakistan. He is a teacher and researcher. Teaching is his passion and he love to teach. Besides, he is also a clinician in veterinary medicine.

Abstract:

Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV), an avian orthoavulavirus, is a causative agent of Newcastle Disease named (NDV), and can cause even the epidemics when disease is not treated. Previously several vaccines based on attenuated and inactivated viruses have been reported which are rendered useless with the passage of time due to versatile changes in viral genome. Therefore, we aimed to develop an effective multi-epitope vaccine against the Haemagglutinin Neuraminidase (HN) protein of 26 NDV strains from Pakistan through a modern immunoinformatic approaches. As a result, a vaccine chimaera was constructed by combining T-cell and B-cell epitopes with the appropriate linkers and adjuvant. The designed vaccine was highly immunogenic, non-allergen and antigenic; therefore, the potential 3D-structure of multi epitope vaccine was constructed, refined and validated. A molecular docking study of a multi epitope vaccine candidate with the chicken Tolllike receptor-4 indicated successful binding. An In silico immunological simulation was used to evaluate the candidate vaccine's ability to elicit an effective immune response. According to the computational studies, the proposed multi epitope vaccine is physically stable and may induce immune responses which suggested it a strong candidate against 26 Newcastle disease virus strains from Pakistan. A wet lab study is under process to confirm the results.

Biography:

Sara Al-Araimi from Sultan Qaboos University, Oman.

Abstract:

The world economy depends heavily on crude oil. With a conventional oil recovery process, only one-third of crude oil is extracted. Various technologies have been developed to maximize the recovery of oil resources from natural reservoirs. One of these is polymer technology that has been used in many oil fields around the world. The biopolymer pullulan, produced by A. mangrovei CBS 142331 showed high potential for EOR with the ability to increase oil recovery to a degree comparable to that achieved with many polymers used in oil fields around the world. However, pullulan is produced by the fungus simultaneously with a melanin pigment that is strongly attached to the polymer and considered an impurity for polymer flooding. The aim of this study is to improve and optimize the yield and purity of pullulan biopolymer and investigate the effect of different environmental factors on the expression of the genes responsible for pullulan and melanin synthesis. Under optimized conditions, that is, sucrose as the carbon source in the medium, a pH of 9, incubation at 25°C, and 250 rpm agitation and the fungus was able to produce 10 g/L of pullulan, which ultimately showed the ability to recover 36.7% of heavy crude oil. Melanin synthesis was strongly suppressed under nitrogen starvation where all the melanised cells transformed into transparent cells at the concentration of 30 g/L (NHâ‚„)â‚‚SOâ‚„. In fact, nitrogen starvation has a direct effect on the promoter of the polyketide synthase gene, the key enzyme involves in the melanin synthesis pathway. It was concluded that pullulan production by A. mangrovei CBS 142331 with limited melanin synthesis can be achieved by controlling the nitrogen concentration in the production media.

Biography:

Lidia Sas-Paszt is affiliated to the National Institute of Horticulture Research, Poland.

Abstract:

To obtain high yields in intensive horticultural and agricultural production, high levels of mineral fertilization combined with the application of chemical plant protection products are commonly used. This results in a loss of the biological potential and erosion of soils, which leads to deterioration in the quality and fertility of cultivated soils. An alternative to such production is the use of microbially-enriched biofertilizers, biostimulators and composts. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of the applied microbial biofertilizers on the growth and yield and develop innovative technologies for improving the quality of soils of selected species of horticultural plants. We have developed innovative consortia of beneficial microorganisms on the basis of the resources collected in SYMBIO BANK of the Department of Microbiology and Rhizosphere, National Institute of Horticulture Research in Skierniewice. The results of the experiments demonstrated a positive influence of the microbial method of cultivating fruit and vegetable crops with the use of beneficial microorganisms and mineral fertilizers enriched microbiologically on the vegetative growth and yielding of plants and the occurrence of beneficial groups of microorganisms in the rhizosphere of those plants. Moreover, the application of beneficial microorganisms and biofertilizers positively affected the germination of vegetable seeds and seedlings emergence. Due to vegetable seeds treatments with beneficial microorganisms, the dynamics of root and hypocotyl growth at the early stages of plant development was improved, as well as further growth of plants was stimulated. The application of beneficial microorganisms and biofertilizers also positively influenced photosynthetic activity monitored by chlorophyll a fluorescence in leaves. As a result of the application of beneficial microorganisms and biofertilizers in cultivation significantly higher yields of the tested fruit species were achieved, with better storage and processing qualities, compared to conventional production with standard NPK fertilization. The use of beneficial microorganisms and biofertilizers in cultivation of horticultural plants will multiply their positive impact on the yield potential of horticultural plants and improve the quality of soils. Widespread use of the innovative bioproducts in cultivation of horticultural crops will help improve the quality of soils and increase the profitability of horticultural farms by reducing production costs.

Biography:

Sudeep Solanki is an Assistant Professor Senior Scale at Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, India. He has over several years’ experience as an Assistant Professor and has a keen interest in laboratory diagnostics. He also has knowledge of veterinary pathology and is proficient in performing routine, non-routine tests. His background includes being an experienced trainer for diagnostic laboratories and writing training manuals, procedures, and policies. Additionally, he has good computer skills including the development and implementation of online courses.

Abstract:

Background: In the present study 200 pooled milk samples were collected aseptically from healthy dairy Cattle and buffaloes of Sirohi district of Southern Rajasthan, India, and examined for the status of subclinical mastitis by Modified California mastitis test and Somatic cell count respectively. Positive samples were further investigated for isolation and identification of the major mastitis-causing pathogens: S. aureus, predominant Streptococcal species, and E. coli for assessing antimicrobial resistance models in southern Rajasthan.

Results: The results of the current study indicate high levels of multi-drug antibiotic resistance among bacteria that commonly cause mastitis, particularly ampicillin, penicillin, tetracycline, erythromycin, and methicillin. However, the highest sensitivity was conferred to ceftriaxone, gentamicin, and co-trimoxazole, suggestive of judicious use of these antibiotics in the treatment of bovine mastitis. Concurrent implementation of gradient PCR indicated the presence of mecA and blaZ genes in 51.9% and 81.4% of S. aureus isolates, respectively. Meanwhile, 56.6% of the streptococcal isolate contained the tetracycline-conferring tetMgene, and none of the streptococci contained the ermB gene. The 92.3% E. coli isolates contained the tetA gene and the tetB gene for tetracycline resistance.

Conclusion: The presence of a high prevalence of multidrug resistance in the dairy animal impacts milk quality and coexistence of pathogenic bacteria in milk which is an alarming situation that may threaten overall human health and has public health significance in this particular region. The high multidrug resistance against the commonly used antibiotic in the study needs a timely address towards the rational use of common antibiotics.

Biography:

Gao-Qiang Liu is affiliated to the Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China.

Abstract:

Ganoderic Acids (GAs) are well recognized as important pharmacological components of the medicinal species belonging to the basidiomycete genus Ganoderma. However, transcription factors directly regulating the expression of GA biosynthesis genes remain poorly understood. Here, the genome of Ganoderma lingzhi was de novo sequenced. Using DAP-seq, we identified putative targets of the transcription factor SREBP, including the genes of triterpenoid synthesis and lipid metabolism. Interactions between SREBP and the targets were verified by EMSA. RNA-seq showed that SREBP targets, mevalonate kinase and 3-hydroxy3-methylglutaryl CoA synthetase in mevalonate pathway, sterol isomerase and lanosterol 14-demethylase in ergosterol biosynthesis, were significantly upregulated in the SREBP overexpression strain. In addition, 3 targets involved in glycerophospholipid/glycerolipid metabolism were up regulated. Then, the contents of mevalonic acid, lanosterol, ergosterol and 13 different GAs as well as a variety of lipids were significantly increased in this strain. Furthermore, the effects of SREBP overexpression on triterpenoid and lipid metabolisms were recovered when OE::SREBP strain were treated with exogenous fatostatin, a specific inhibitor of SREBP. Taken together, our genome-wide study clarified the role of SREBP in triterpenoid and lipid metabolisms of G. lingzhi.