Day 2 :
Keynote Forum
Kathrin I Mohr
Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Germany
Keynote: Myxobacteria in moors: An astonishing diversity in an unusual habitat
Biography:
Kathrin I Mohr studied Biology at the TU Braunschweig. While doing Post doctorate, she investigated the biodiversity of algae and cyanobacteria in calcifying biofilms and in soil crusts from Namibia and South Africa at the University of Göttingen. Since 2009 she works as a Scientist at the Helmholtz Centre forInfectionResearch,Department Microbial Drugs, Braunschweig. Her main focus is set on the isolation of myxobacteria and their screen and enhancement of production of new and known secondary metabolites. She is the author and co-author of about 30 papers in reputed journals.
Abstract:
Many bacteria are able to generate resistances against antibiotics leading to an uncontrolled spreading of pathogenic strains.However, an efficient treatment of numerous diseases is missing due to the lack of specific drugs. Despite intensive world-wide efforts using alternative strategies based on synthetic chemistry, the exploitation of biologically active natural products as candidates for anti infective drugs is still the most promising approach. The majority of the medically important antibiotic drugs are derived from secondary metabolites, which are produced by bacteria and fungi. In addition to the wellstudied, highly productive actinobacteria, myxobacteria are a further rich source for new antibiotics. To date more than 100
new metabolites and more than 500 derivatives were described from these soil dwelling, predatory microorganisms. In the past it turns out that in particular new families, genera andspeciesofmyxobacteria are reliable sources for new bioactive compounds. Promising sources for the isolation of new myxobacteria are uncommon habitats like moors (peat bogs and fen), characterized by low pH values. Moors have been neglected with regard to the isolation of myxobacteria in the past. In our study, the diversity of myxobacteria in peat bogs and fen samples from the Harz-region, Germany, was evaluated by enhanced standard cultivation methods as well as by cultivation independent 16S rDNA clone bank analyses. Therefore a total of 278
clone sequences, sequences of 24 cultures isolated from moor within this study as well as sequences from the next relatives (NCBI) were added to a phylogenetic tree which in addition contains all myxobacterial type strains. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the cultivated strains exclusively belong to the genus Corallococcus and that the majority of clone sequences represents unknown myxobacteria which could not be acquired by cultivation so far. In addition, most of our clone bank sequences are exclusively related to other, also uncultivated myxobacteria, which to a large extant came from studies about acidic soils, too. These results are in accordance with our preliminary comparative study about the diversity of myxobacteria in Kiritimati Island and German compost which also revealed significant discrepancies between the diversity of cultivable
myxobacteria and those exclusively detectable with cultivation-independent methods. Both studies have shown that there is a strong need to develop new and innovative isolation techniques to reach the numerous groups of myxobacteria which resist cultivation approaches. Especially uncommon habitats like moors, but also classical habitats like compost consist of numerous unknown myxobacterial species, genera and even families which in turn harbor a great potential of urgently needed, new antibiotics.
Keynote Forum
Kathrin I Mohr
Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Germany
Keynote: Myxobacteria in moors: An astonishing diversity in an unusual habitat
Time : 10:00-10:45
Biography:
Kathrin I Mohr studied Biology at the TU Braunschweig. While doing Post doctorate, she investigated the biodiversity of algae and cyanobacteria in calcifying biofilms and in soil crusts from Namibia and South Africa at the University of Göttingen. Since 2009 she works as a Scientist at the Helmholtz Centre forInfectionResearch,Department Microbial Drugs, Braunschweig. Her main focus is set on the isolation of myxobacteria and their screen and enhancement of production of
new and known secondary metabolites. She is the author and co-author of about 30 papers in reputed journals.
Abstract:
Many bacteria are able to generate resistances against antibiotics leading to an uncontrolled spreading of pathogenic strains.However, an efficient treatment of numerous diseases is missing due to the lack of specific drugs. Despite intensive world-wide efforts using alternative strategies based on synthetic chemistry, the exploitation of biologically active natural products as candidates for anti infective drugs is still the most promising approach. The majority of the medically important antibiotic drugs are derived from secondary metabolites, which are produced by bacteria and fungi. In addition to the wellstudied, highly productive actinobacteria, myxobacteria are a further rich source for new antibiotics. To date more than 100
new metabolites and more than 500 derivatives were described from these soil dwelling, predatory microorganisms. In the past it turns out that in particular new families, genera andspeciesofmyxobacteria are reliable sources for new bioactive compounds. Promising sources for the isolation of new myxobacteria are uncommon habitats like moors (peat bogs and fen), characterized by low pH values. Moors have been neglected with regard to the isolation of myxobacteria in the past. In our study, the diversity of myxobacteria in peat bogs and fen samples from the Harz-region, Germany, was evaluated by enhanced standard cultivation methods as well as by cultivation independent 16S rDNA clone bank analyses. Therefore a total of 278
clone sequences, sequences of 24 cultures isolated from moor within this study as well as sequences from the next relatives (NCBI) were added to a phylogenetic tree which in addition contains all myxobacterial type strains. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the cultivated strains exclusively belong to the genus Corallococcus and that the majority of clone sequences represents unknown myxobacteria which could not be acquired by cultivation so far. In addition, most of our clone bank sequences are exclusively related to other, also uncultivated myxobacteria, which to a large extant came from studies about acidic soils, too. These results are in accordance with our preliminary comparative study about the diversity of myxobacteria in Kiritimati Island and German compost which also revealed significant discrepancies between the diversity of cultivable
myxobacteria and those exclusively detectable with cultivation-independent methods. Both studies have shown that there is a strong need to develop new and innovative isolation techniques to reach the numerous groups of myxobacteria which resist cultivation approaches. Especially uncommon habitats like moors, but also classical habitats like compost consist of numerous unknown myxobacterial species, genera and even families which in turn harbor a great potential of urgently needed, new
antibiotics.
Keynote Forum
Jonathan Gerbore
Biovitis, France
Keynote: Microorganisms to protect plants: Beneficial effects of the oomycete Pythium oligandrum on grapevines
Time : 10:45-11:30
Biography:
Jonathan Gerbore has received his PhD at the University of Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, France in 2013 in the field of Biotechnology and Agronomy. He is the Head of Research and Development at Biovitis company and works in collaboration with the research unit SAVE at the National Research French Institute (INRA).
Abstract:
Development of alternative methods to chemical pesticides to control plant diseases increased considerably in recent years.Among them, the use of beneficial microorganisms for plant protection and/or plant growth stimulation is promising,in particular under recent advances in trancriptomics and genome sequencing that give new insights in the potential of microorganisms and new product development opportunities. Here, we report the development of a biocontrol product based on the oomycete, Pythium oligandrum, to protect grape P. oligandrum ine against Esca, a major grapevine trunk disease that causes substantial losses in vineyards worldwide. No efficient chemical products are registered against this disease. In order to control Esca, P. oligandrum strains have been isolated from the rhizosphere of grapevines cultivated in the winegrowing region of Bordeaux (France). A multiyear greenhouse assay showed that P. oligandrum colonized grapevine rhizosphere over months, stimulated plant defense and can protect grapevine against Esca (disease reduction ranged from 40 to 60%). Trancriptomic analysis (Microarrays and RNAseq) showed that Induced Systemic Resistance (ISR) was activated in plants treated with P.oligandrum when challenged with pathogen. A priming effect was also pointed out. Currently, a method to manage Esca disease with this plant beneficial microorganism is developed.
- Industrial Microbiology | Clinical Microbiology | Diagnostic Microbiology | Bioremediation | Biodegradation, Biodeterioration
Location: Salon II & III
Chair
Kathrin I Mohr
Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Germany
Co-Chair
Patrick Fickers
University of Liege - Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Belgium
Session Introduction
Khalid Fandi
University of Tabuk, KSA
Title: Extraction and purification of biochemical molecules from thermophilic Bacillus species
Biography:
Khalid Fandi has completed his PhD in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology from University of Putra Malaysia and worked as the Head of School of Life Science and Biotechnology at Technology Park Malaysia. He is an Associate Professor at the Department of Clinical Biochemistry in University of Tabuk. He has been awarded several research visits to Germany and Malaysia in collaboration with scientific research groups. He has published several papers in reputed journals and presented his research work in international conferences and meetings. He has been serving as an Editorial Board Member and Reviewer of repute journals.
Abstract:
The hot springs are very rich in thermophilic microorganisms that are capable to produce thermostable enzymes and biological active compounds that have importance in industrial and biotechnological applications. This study was designed to purify the biochemical compounds extracted from aerobic strains of the genus Bacillus isolated from Ma’en thermal springs. Crude extracts obtained by organic solvent were subjected to silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, RP18 column chromatography and preparative PTLC for further purification. Several indole derivatives have been isolated from these selected strains, namely 1-acetyl-β-carboline, tryptophol, and indole-3-carboxylic acid. Furthermore, adenosine, tyrosol, p-hydroxy-benzaldehyde, ferulic acid, uracil and 3-methyl uracil were also isolated. Additionally, the selected strains afforded four diketopiperazine derivatives, namely cyclo-(Phe, Pro), cyclo-(Leu, Pro), cyclo-(Pro, Ile) and cyclo-(Pro, Tyr). The structures of all isolated metabolites were confirmed by searching in AntiBase using the spectroscopic information such as 1H NMR and MS data and comparison with the literature. This is the first report on biochemical compounds profile purified from thermophilic bacteria and other strains showed interesting activities as well as different UV absorbing bands on TLC. Therefore, the working on these strains could be promising to isolate active new metabolites.
Asmaa Agoussar
University of Montreal, Canada
Title: Bioremediation: Microbiology of pesticide and inoculation of biofilter in the field of agriculture
Biography:
Asmaa Agoussar has completed his Master’s degree from Cadi Ayyad University and she is currently pursuing her second Master’s degree from University of Montreal, Canada.
Abstract:
Introduction: In Quebec, vegetable crops occupy about 50914 hectares. Several pesticides are used in these cultures and these products pose risks to human health and the environment. According to studies done in Quebec in 2001, 49% of private wells near the potato crop fields have been found contaminated by pesticides.
Hypothesis: The repeated contamination of pesticides to the soil stimulates the growth of microorganisms able of degrading.
Aim: The objective is to identify microbiological variables responsible for the degradation of pesticides in the process of bioremediation using bio-filters and specifically to identify microorganisms capable of growing in soil treated with pesticides, confirm their in vitro ability to degrade pesticides and confirm in situ potential inoculation of the biofilter at the farm.
Research methodology:
• DNA extraction from soil using commercial kits
• Illumina MiSeq 16S rRNA sequencing for microbiome analysis
• Standard bioinformatics analysis of MiSeq data
• Isolation/screening of strains from soil samples to isolate potential pesticide degraders; growth characterization on standard
minimal media with pesticides
• Genomic characterization of isolated strains by 16S rRNA sequence analysis
• Pesticide degradation potential analysis by in vitro growth and HPLC analysis of culture supernatants
Results: Illumina sequencing results showed that the Proteobacteria and Firmicutes are the two most in soil treated with pesticides groups. After in vitro confirm their ability to degrade pesticides, these microorganisms will serve as inoculum for testing in the field using sterile biofilters, then treated with different concentrations of pesticides.
Conclusion: The results of this project will help to adopt a new strategy to reduce the contamination of water resources and improve the quality of aquatic ecosystems and irrigated crops.
Astrid Helga Paulitsch-Fuchs
Wetsus European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Netherlands
Title: Protonic Faraday cage effect of cell envelopes protects microorganisms from cytolysis in electrohydrodynamic structures
Biography:
Astrid Helga Paulitsch-Fuchs has expertise in biofilm formation of fungal and bacterial species; especially the response of organisms in those structures to antimicrobial substances. Recently she also focuses on the influence of magnetic and electric fields on the cell envelopes of different species. After completing her PhD at the University of Graz, Austria she moved to the Netherlands and worked as a Post Doctorate and Theme Coordinator at Wetsus, European Center of Expertise for Sustainable Water Technology.
Abstract:
An aqueous electrohydrodynamic (EHD) floating liquid bridge is a unique environment for studying the influence of protonic currents (mA cm-2) in strong DC electric fields (kV cm-1) on the behavior of microorganisms. It forms in between two beakers filled with water when high-voltage is applied to these beakers. To understand the behavior of microorganisms in the water bridge and the influence of the high electric field influence within this system on the cells three different setups were tested: Starting with cells in two beakers, starting with cells in the anode beaker and starting with cells in the cathode beaker. We recently discovered that exposure to this bridge has a stimulating effect on Escherichia coli. In this work we show that the survival is due to natural Faraday cage effect of the cell wall of these microorganisms using a simple 2D model. The current densities have been calculated for each cell type (depending on the starting conductivity of the cell solution) and the cells have been modeled. We further confirm this hypothesis by measuring and simulating the behavior of Bacillus subtilis subtilis, Neochloris oleoabundans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and THP- 1 monocytes. Cells without a natural Faraday cage like algae and monocytes are mostly killed and weakened, whereas yeast and B. subtilis survive. The effect of the natural Faraday cage diverts the current from passing through the cell and because it is protonic,
it maintains the osmotic pressure in the cell wall, thereby mitigating cytolysis due to the low osmotic pressure of the surrounding medium
Benhadria K
University of Mascara, Algeria
Title: Exopolysaccharides interest in membership of probiotics strains
Biography:
Abstract:
In recent years, the origin of bacterial exopolysaccharides is of great interest as agent texturing, emulsifier, stabilizer and/or gelling especially in food industry. Our objective is to evaluate the effect of the essential oils of two regional plants (Atriplex halimus L. and Haloxylon scoparium) on the production of exopolysaccharides by four probiotic strains (Leuconostoc, Lactobacillus, Pediococcus 1and Pediococcus 2). Results indicate a significantly high rate of exopolysaccharides under optimal conditions estimated from 5.84 mg/ml, 5.21 mg/ml, 5.85 mg/ml and 5.63 mg/ml in Leuconostoc, Lactobacillus,Pediococcus 1 and Pediococcus 2 respectively. However, the addition of essential oils improves dramatically the production of EPS (16.4 mg/ml Leuconostoc, 14.22 mg/ml for Lactobacillus, 15.89 mg/ml for Pediococcus and 16.59 mg/ml for Pediococcus 2). These results open a new natural alternative way in improving EPS productions, essential compounds responsible for the adhesion of probiotic strains of interest.
Ibaideya Mamoun AT
Istishari Arab Hospital, Ramallah, Palestine
Title: Prevalence rate of Nosocomial Acinetobacter baumannii in clinical samples from three Palestinian hospitals
Biography:
Ibaideya Mamoun AT, 37 year old, has completed his MLS at Annajah national university on 2002, and MPH at Annajah national university on 2005. Fellow ship in Micrbiology at Juntendu university, Tokyo, Japan 2008. Microbiology supervisor in the Palestinian Minstry of health for 5 years, shared in about 5 research project in nasocomial infections in Palestine.
Abstract:
Acinetobacter baumannii can cause a wide range of infections, including meningitis, bacteremia, pneumonia, urinary tract infection,etc. This organism is becoming resistant to a large group of antibiotics, especially β-lactam antibiotics. The reason for multidrug resistance may be the production of extended- spectrum β-lactamses (ESBLs), carbapenemases/metallo β-lactamases or AmpC β-lactamases. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumanniiisolated from the patients in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) and cardiac Care Unites (CCUs) of three Palestinian hospitals (Palestinian medicalcomplex, Rafedia Surgical hospital, and Beit Jala Governmental hospital) west bank Palestine. A total of 115 A. baumannii isolates were collected from three hospitals during the period from December 2015 to June 2016. The antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by standard disc diffusion method (Kirby Bauer) as recommended by CLSI 2016 (M02-A12,M07-A10, and M11-A8), Combination disc method, Modified Hodge test, EDTA disc synergy test and AmpC disc test were performed for detection of ESBLs, carbapenemases, metallo β-lactamases, and AmpC β-lactamases, respectively. Multiplex PCR applied on all suspected cases to be carbapenemases/metallo β-lactamases or AmpC β-lactamases.The prevalence of MDRs was reported 100% among A. baumannii. The antibiotic susceptibility profile showed that Colistin, Polymyxin, Minocycline and Tigecycline were the most effective drugs against A. baumannii. Almost all of A. baumannii isolates resistant to Imipenem, Meropenem, and Ertapenem were carbapenemases and metallo β-lactamases producers (9.8% MBL all isolates carried NDM gen), AmpC prevalence was observed in 3.76% only DHA gen was detected, while none of the isolates was ESBL producer (CTX-M, SHV, and TEM). Antibiogram and minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) indicated Colistin, Polymyxin B, and tetracycline is relatively effective against A.baumannii.Increased frequency of multi-drug resistance supports the need for continuous surveillance to determine prevalence and evolution of theseenzymes in Palestinian hospitals.
Recep Kesli
Afyon Kocatepe University, Turkey
Title: Evaluation of all the isolated Gram positive cocci: Identification and resistance ratios, in Kocatepe University Hospital, during the 2012-2015
Biography:
Recep Kesli was graduated from Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine. He has obtained Microbiology Specialist title in 2001. He is working at Afyon Kocatepe University,School of Medicine as an Associate Professor and Chair. He has published a book and wrote many book chapters. His areas of interests are diagnostic techniques of HCV,Helicobacter pylori and anaerobic bacteria. He has also published articles in international SCI/SCIE and national journals (more than 60) in Turkish and English.
Abstract:
Aim: This study was aimed to determine the resistance rates of the tested antibiotics for Gram positive cocci strains at Microbiology Laboratory, ANS Research and Practice Hospital, Afyon Kocatepe University, between October 2012 and September 2015.
Methods: Identification and antibiotic resistance tests were determined by using both the conventional methods and automated system (VITEK2).
Results: Of the totally isolated 1.317 Gram positives, Staphylococcus aureus were found as the most frequently isolated strain 1.050 (79.7%), followed by Streptococcus spp., 147 (11.2%) and Enterococcus spp., 120 (9.1%). Of all the the S. aureus strains 459 (43.7%) were detected as oxacillin resistant and identified as methicilline resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Resistance rates of E. faecalis strains against to ampicillin, erythromycin and ciprofloxacin were 12%, 95% and 11.8% respectively. All the enterococci strains were found to be susceptible to vancomycin, teicoplanin and linezolid. The resistance rates of Streptococcus agalactiae against to erithromycin and clindamycin were found to be as 36%, 28% and for Group-A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus strains were 17.9%, 1.2% respectively.None of the isolates exhibited resistance to penicilin and vancomycin for Group-A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus and Streptococcus agalactiae strains. The resistance rates of S. aureus against to clindamycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole/
trimethoprim were found to be as 38 (9.6%), 77 (19.5%), 116 (29.4), 152 (38.6%), 28 (7.1) respectively.
Conclusions: High resistance ratios, obtained from the study in Gram positive cocci was emphasized as a serious clinical problem in our hospital.
Biography:
Babatunde Odetoyin holds a PhD in Medical Microbiology from Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria. He is a Lecturer at the Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology. He investigates emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance in Nigeria. He has published more than 10 papers in reputed journals and has been a Reviewer of international journals.
Abstract:
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major problem worldwide causing hospital acquired and community infections. The spectrum of infections is manifold and is associated with worse outcome. In Nigeria, the incidence of MRSA has been on the increase thereby increasing concerns because of the linked increase in morbidity and mortality rates. There is still
paucity of current information on MRSA in patients in Africa and treatment options available compared to the developed world. This cross sectional based study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from 246 clinical samples collected at a tertiary care hospital, its antimicrobial susceptibility, spectrum of infections and the associated risk factors. Standard procedures were used for isolation, screening and susceptibility testing. The result showed that 41 (40.2%) out of 102 S. aureus isolated were methicillin-resistant while 61 (59.8%) were methicillin-sensitive. The prevalence rates of MRSA for male and female group were 37.3% and 43.1% respectively. 30 (73.2%) methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates were obtained from inpatients while 11 (26.8%) were from outpatients. MRSA were significantly isolated from the Orthopedic ward (OR=3.36; P=0.031) and the antenatal ward (OR=8.33; P=0.037). High resistance rates were exhibited by MRSA isolates to cefotaxime (102, 79.4%) and clindamycin (102, 49%) except to gentamicin (102, 27.5%) and chloramphenicol (n=102, 28.4%). 32 (78%) out of 41 MRSA isolated were multidrug resistant. All isolates (MRSA and MSSA) were susceptible to vancomycin with MIC values ranging from 2.1-0.12 μg/ ml. This study showed a high prevalence of MRSA in clinical infections that were resistant to treatment options in Ile-Ife. Admission to antenatal and orthopaedic wards was a predictor for MRSA infection in the hospital. In spite of reports that vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus is increasing, it is yet to be a problem in the hospital as it remains a drug of choice for the treatment of MRSAand multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections.
Oluwadara Oluwaseun Alegbeleye
Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa
Title: Comparison of bacterial contamination profiles of freshly baked bread (from bakeries) and vended bread in the Ojoo area of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
Biography:
Oluwadara Oluwaseun Alegbeleye studied Microbiology at University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria and completed her Masters at Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa. She is currently working on her PhD and has several published articles in national newspapers and peer reviewed journal
Abstract:
Unsanitary handling, transport and storage of ready-to-eat foods can lead to microbial adulteration, which can impair the quality of food have deleterious effects on human health and result in severe public health crises. Bacterial counts in ready-to-eat foods are key factors in assessing the microbiological quality and safety of food. This comparative study evaluated and compared bacterial contamination levels of bakery and vended bread samples in the Ojoo Area of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. A total of 336 bread samples were obtained from two bakeries and ten vendors in the study area over a seven month period. Personal and environmental hygiene levels of bakery workers and vendors as well as bread handling, transport, storage and vending practices were assessed through personal observations and informal interviews. The microbiological status of the bread loaves was evaluated using standard
microbiological methods (morphological, phenotypic and molecular characterization). The vended bread samples were found to be several magnitudes more contaminated than the bakery samples. The bacterial isolates obtained during the study were identified as Bacillus megaterium (4.30%), Staphylococcus arlettae (0.005%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (2.78%), Citrobacter freundii (2.40%), Bacillus flexus (1.64%), Bacillus species (49.59%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.12%), Pseudomonas fluorescens (0.92%), Pseudomonas species (0.045%), Escherichia coli (30.44%), Klebsiella sp. (0.040%) and Aeromonas hydrophila (3.72%). The findings demonstrated that the bread samples become contaminated after handling and constitute a potential hazard to human health in the area. More stringent adherence to food safety regulations should be encouraged and enforced by the appropriate authorities.
Palina Vyhouskaya
Jagiellonian University, Poland
Title: Importance of cariogenic biofilm formation in S. mutans carbohydrate metabolism.
Biography:
Palina Vyhouskaya has completed her MSc in Laboratory Medicine at Jagiellonian University Medical College in Krakow, Poland. She is currently working in the field of Laboratory Medicine at Jagiellonian University Medical College in Krakow Poland.
Abstract:
Background: Streptococcus mutans is known as one of the important etiologic agents of dental caries, a widespread disease in Polish children. Recognition of novel features determining the pathogenicity of this pathogen may contribute to understanding of the mechanisms of bacterial infections. Carbohydrate metabolism is one of the key metabolic pathways subject to changes during
Streptococcus mutans cariogenic biofilm formation which could determine its pathogenicity.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the activity of pyruvate kinase (PK) and to illuminate the role of the enzyme in S. mutans cariogenic biofilm formation. This enzyme catalyzes the reaction of phosphate transfer from a phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to ADP, and the decline is observed in physiological biofilm species. Therefore it could be a target for newly synthesized compounds of potential anticaries activity.
Material and methods: The study was performed on isolates derived from children with deciduous teeth (n = 80) aged 4±1.2 years:the experimental group – 40 children with caries, control group – 40 children without caries. Enzymatic typing of isolated bacterial strains was performed based on the enzymatic profiles obtained from the commercially available test, and evaluated by 16SrDNA gene sequencing. The enzymatic activity of PK was purified, precipitated and determined spectrophotometrically. Biofilm assay
was evaluated using a close model based on a microtiter plate using ATCC and clinical strains. Biomass of biofilm was measured spectrophotometrically and fluorimetrically. In this study, we revealed at first the activity of PK in various biotypes and formation time of S. mutans cariogenic species biofilm.
Results: The activity of PK was examined spectrophotometrically after purification and precipitation during different model of biofilm formation. We observed a slight increase in the activity of the glycolytic enzyme during cariogenic biofilm formation compared to physiologic biofilm structures. In case of forming the Streptococcus mutans cariogenic biofilm, the activity of glycolytic enzymes also grew after 14 and 18 hours in the context of S. mutans biotypes I-II proposed in the study (clusterization method).
Conclusions: The increase in the activity of glycolytic enzymes during the biofilm formation (due to the effect of low pH) in categorized biotypes allow for better differentiation of S. mutans species and thus may contribute to recognition of transmission mechanisms of pathogenic bacteria and facilitate treatment. Bacterial cells adapt to new conditions better in mixed-clinical species biofilm than in the mono- and dual- biofilms-the increase of the glycolysis rate associated with increased activity of glycolytic enzymes reflects
this phenomenon very well. Therefore, inhibition of glycolytic enzymes might be an essential step in the reduction of mixed-species cariogenic biofilm, what could be a useful tool in prevention of caries.
Recep Kesli
Afyon Kocatepe University Turkey
Title: Investigation of plasmid-mediated Quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains
Biography:
Recep Kesli was graduated from Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine. He has obtained Microbiology Specialist title in 2001. He is working at Afyon Kocatepe University,School of Medicine as an Associate Professor and Chair. He has published a book and wrote many book chapters. His areas of interests are diagnostic techniques of HCV,Helicobacter pylori and anaerobic bacteria. He has also published articles in international SCI/SCIE and national journals (more than 60) in Turkish and English.
Abstract:
Background & Aim: Quinolone resistance has been increasing in recent years. Currently there are three transferable, plasmid-borne quinolone resistance genes, qnr, (qnrA, qnrB, qnrC and qnrS) cr variant of aac(6’)-Ib-cr, qepA. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of plasmid mediated quinolone resistance genes in E.coli and K. pneumoniae strains isolated from our hospital.
Methods: In this study, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS and qnrC and also qepA, aac(6’)-1b-cr plasmid genes were analyzed by molecular methods in quinolone resistant 13 7 E.coli and 15 K. pneumonia isolated in Afyon Kocatepe University hospital. qnrA, qnrB, qnrS and qnrC, qepA were screened by real-time PCR (Rotorgene, Qiagen). The aac(6’)-1b-cr variant was identified by digestion with BseGI restriction enzyme.
Results: The prevalence of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases (ESBL) production was 52.6% in all isolates (66 E.coli, 14 K. pneumoniae). The qnr genes were detected in three strains. Two strains were positive for qnrB (1 E.coli, 1 K. pneumoniae) while one E.coli strain was positive for qnrS and these strains were producing ESBL. None of the strains had qepA type genes plasmid. aac (6’)-1b-cr plasmid was found 44.7%. Among ESBL producer isolates, this rate was up to 52.5%.
Conclusions: In conclusion, the frequency of qnr is reported that to be low in our country, but nonetheless these strains may initiate a rapid increase in bacterial resistance to valuable antimicrobial agents. The prudent use of these antimicrobial agents in clinical practice is necessary to minimize the spread of these resistance genes.
Ibrahim S Alayed
Umm Al-Qura University, KSA
Title: Potential risk of Streptococcus pneumoniae in nasopharyngeal carriage during Umrah and Hajj seasons in Makkah, Saudi Arabia
Biography:
Ibrahim Alayed has completed his bachelors of medicine and surgery in 2016 from Umm Al-Qura University, he has participated in research activities under the supervision of Dr. Hamdi M. El-Said and the Medical Microbiology department at Umm Al-Qura University. His main interests are Molecular Biology, Research and Statistics. Outside the medical field, Ibrahim is friendly, outgoing and likes to participate in different volunteer work for community services.
Abstract:
Background: Hajj and Umrah poses many health challenges and lead to a higher risk of acquiring and disseminating infectious diseases, as a result of mass gatherings and shared accommodation and air pollution. Nasal colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major contributing factor for pneumococcal disease that still is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide.
Aim: The aim of this study was to detect and evaluate S. pneumoniae in the nasopharyngeal carriage and the antibiotic susceptibility
patterns of S. pneumoniae isolates in different ethnic groups, during Umrah and Hajj seasons.
Methods: A total of 3184 nasal swab were collected from 979/613 Umrah visitors/pilgrims, swab from each one upon arrival and swab before leaving Saudi Arabia, during the period from March to November 2009. Samples were cultured for the presence of S. pneumonia by standard laboratory procedures in the Microbiology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University.
Results: The carriage rate of S. pneumoniae was 0% before performing Umrah and 6.41% after performing Umrah and 80% from isolates after Umrah were sensitive to Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone, Rifampicin and Meropenem antibiotics. The carriage rate of S. pneumoniae was 0.7% before performing Hajj and 1% after performing Hajj and 75% from isolates before Hajj and 66.7% after Hajj
were sensitive to the previous antibiotics.
Conclusion & Recommendations: This study revealed that ethnic groups carries S. pneumoniae were more after performing Hajj and Umrah than before Hajj and Umrah. Thus, we recommend to repeat this study after few years to evaluate the carriage rate of S. pneumoniae in Umrah visitors and pilgrims and adding controls from Saudi nationals to any upcoming study in order to comparethe carriage rate of S. pneumoniae in Umrah visitors, pilgrims and Saudi nationals for designing control strategies for these infectious
diseases during Umrah and Hajj seasons.
Lukas Dvorak
Technical University of Liberec, Czech Republic
Title: Influence of hydrogen peroxide and sodium lactate application on dehalogenation bacteria responsible for degradation of chlorinated ethenes
Biography:
Lukas Dvorak has completed his PhD at the Institute of Chemical Technology in Prague and Post-doctoral studies at Technical University of Liberec in Czech Republic.Currently, he is working as a Junior Researcher at TU Liberec. He has published several papers in international journals and has been involved in several research projects.
Abstract:
Due to the extensive use in industry, chlorinated ethenes occur as common pollutant of environment. As it is environmentally persistent pollutant, its natural biodegradation is very slow. Moreover, natural processes can result in more hazardous by-products as cis-1,2-dichloroethene and vinyl chloride. There are several methods for removing chlorinated ethenes or stimulation of natural biodegradation. They are based on injection of chemical agents into remediation wells; along with natural processes this represents cheap and effective approach. In this study, influence of injection of hydrogen peroxide and sodium lactate on dehalogenation bacteria was examined. Changes were assessed through wide spectrum of molecular genetic markers (16S rRNA gene of dehalogenation bacteria Dehalococcoides spp., Desulfitobacterium, Dehalobacter and reductive dehalogenase genes (vcrA, bvcA) responsible for
dechlorination of vinyl chloride) along with chemical analyses. Application of hydrogen peroxide led to rapid decrease in all markers below detection limit. However, after 13 days, relative abundance of bvcA gene and Desulfitobacterium increased up to 9 times and 16 times respectively; compared to levels prior to injection. Most values returned within one month after application. Only negligible changes in chlorinated ethenes concentrations were, however, detected, likely due to low dose of hydrogen peroxide. Injection of sodium lactate (substrate enhancing natural biodegradation) resulted in clear increase in marker levels. It indicated positive response of dehalogenation bacteria to biostimulation by sodium lactate. Seven-fold increase in Desulfitobacterium and three-fold increase in Dehalococcoides spp. accompanied with increase in vcrA gene was detected even after 70 days. Ongoing dehalogenation was also proven by increase in ethene concentration.
Dagmar Schoder
University of Veterinary Medicine, Austria
Title: How safe is European internet cheese: A purchase and microbiological investigation
Biography:
Dagmar Schoder is the Head of the working group Global Food Safety at the Institute of Milk Hygiene, Milk Technology and Food Science of the University of Veterinary Medicine in Vienna and President of Veterinarians Without Borders, Austria.
Abstract:
The suitability for consumers of a variety of raw milk cheeses purchased over the internet was investigated in terms of packaging, labeling, physicochemical parameters and microbiological safety. 108 purchases from seven European countries were examined. The prevalence of Salmonella spp., L. monocytogenes, E.coli and coagulase positive staphylococci (SA) were determined. All 108 samples were described on websites as raw milk cheeses and thereby qualified for this study. However, after delivery it was noted that 4.6% (5/108) of cheeses were labeled to be manufactured from heat-treated or pasteurized milk. Delivery duration ranged from 24 hours to six days, receipt cheese temperatures ranged between 5-23 °C, whereas in 61.5% of all cases the temperature was higher than 15 °C. Cheese labeling was examined in respect of EC guideline 2000/13 and Regulation No. 853/2004. Only 17.6% (19/108) of cheeses were properly labeled. In 50.9%, 48.9%, 46.3% and 39.8% of all cases: Specific storage requirements, name and address of the manufacturer/packer or seller, net weight and minimum shelf life were missing. Even the labeling information “made from raw milk” was not apparent on 36% of all cheese items delivered. None of the 108 investigated cheeses showed a pH ≤5.0 and aW value ≤0.94. The pH and aW value for 2 samples (0.9%) and 11 samples (10.2%) was ≤4.4 or ≤0.92 at least at one of the three time points,
respectively. E.coli and SA could be detected in a total of 29.6% (32/108) and 8.3% (9/108) of samples, respectively. The food borne pathogen L. monocytogenes was detected in 1.9% of all samples, one of which had counts of 9.5×103 CFU/g, whereas Salmonella spp., was not detected. Results reveal that labeling and hygiene concerns about the safety of Internet purchased cheeses in Europe are
justified.
Dagmar Schoder
University of Veterinary Medicine, Austria
Title: Drinking milk in Tanzania: An important reservoir and vector of enterotoxigenic, antibiotic resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus
Biography:
Dagmar Schoder is the Head of the working group Global Food Safety at the Institute of Milk Hygiene, Milk Technology and Food Science of the University of Veterinary Medicine in Vienna and President of Veterinarians Without Borders, Austria.
Abstract:
In Tanzania pastoralists such as the Maasai and small urban farmers are responsible for the country’s milk production, whereby 80% of the national milk is sold without regulation. This study set out the identification and typing of Staphylococcus aureus (SA) isolated throughout the milk chain in Tanzania. Samples were taken from production-level (pastoralists, urban farmers), collectionlevel (middlemen and depots), processors (dairies) and retailers (kiosks). Samples were analyzed for coagulase positive staphylococci and subsequently typed by enzymatic activities, enterotoxin production, lyses by phages, Pulse-field-gel electrophoreses and the resistance pattern to antibiotics. All in all 200 milk samples were collected in regions of Dar-es-Salaam and Lake Victoria, respectively. 37 of the 200 samples (18.5%) were identified as SA positive. 11 different biotypes were found and the predominant type accounted for 21.6% of all SA isolates (8/37). 32%, 43% and 92% of the isolates were β-hemolytic (12/37), egg yolk (16/37) and clumping factor positive (34/37). 54.1% (20/37) were positive for enterotoxin genes and 81.1% (30/37) of all strains were Penicillin resistant, further 37.8% of the strains were resistant to ≥2 antibiotics. 43% (16/37) of all strains were non-typeable by a set of 32 phages containing human, bovine and small ruminant phages. 43.2% (16/37) of the isolates were lysed by bovine phages. The most common phage types were type 81 (human, 15 isolates), 108 (bovine, 11 isolates) and type 117 and 111 (bovine, 7 isolates each). We can conclude that milk in Tanzania is an important reservoir and vector of enterotoxigenic, antibiotic resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus.
Mohammed A Alaryni
Umm Al-Qura University, KSA
Title: Influenza-like illness (ILI) among Hajj pilgrims in 2014
Biography:
Mohammed A Alaryni is an ambitious and a hard working Medical student. During his college years, he has participated in many research activities. He was the Head of the scientific committee of medical student’s research club. He is keen on public presentations and gave many lectures and presentations to junior students.
Abstract:
Background & Aim: Influenza is an important health hazard among Hajj pilgrims. For the last 10 years, pilgrims are being recommended to take influenza vaccine before attending Hajj. Vaccination coverage has increased in recent years but whether there has been any change in the prevalence of influenza-like illness (ILI) is not known. In this analysis, we examined the changes in the rate of ILI against seasonal influenza vaccine uptake among Hajj pilgrims over the last decade.
Method: Data for this analysis is a synthesis of raw and published data from eleven Hajj seasons between 2005 and 214. For seven Hajj seasons the data were obtained from studies involving pilgrims of UK, Saudi Arabia and Australia and for the remaining four Hajj seasons data were abstracted from published studies involving pilgrims from multiple countries. The data from both sources were synthesized to estimate the relative risk (RR) of acquisition of ILI in vaccinated versus unvaccinated pilgrims.
Results: The pooled sample size of the included studies was 33213 with most pilgrims being in the age band of 40-60 years (range: 0.5to 95 years) and a male to female ratio of 1.6. The pilgrims originated, in order of frequency, from Iran, Australia, France, UK, Saudi Arabia, Indonesia, India, Algeria, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Somalia, Turkey, Syria, Sierra Leone and USA. Except for one year (2008), data from individual years did not demonstrate a noticeable change in the rate of ILI against influenza vaccine coverage, however the combined data from all studies suggest that the prevalence of ILI decreased among Hajj pilgrims as the vaccine coverage increased
over the last decade (RR 0.2, P<0.01).
Conclusion: This analysis suggests that influenza vaccine might be beneficial for Hajj pilgrims. However controlled trials aided by
molecular diagnostic tools could confirm whether such an effect is real or ostensible.
Rasih Felek
Akdeniz University, Turkey
Title: Evaluation of antibiotic resistance and beta lactamase properties Staphylococcous aureus isolated from food
Biography:
Rasih Felek has completed his MD from Hacettepe University School of Medicine and Postdoctoral studies from Ataturk University School of Medicine. He has published more than 14 papers in reputed journals.
Abstract:
Our research has been executed for antibiotic resistance of Staphyloccus aureus isolated from food. 80 samples of raw milk and from some local markets 100 samples of cheese, 100 samples of chicken meat were collected. Antibiotic resistances and betalactamase activities of S. aureus stains were determined by comparing them between each other. In our research totally 280 food samples were examined. The strains of which were isolated from 80 different raw milk samples were found resistant to 70% penicillin,1.3% oxacillin, 6.3% erythromycin, 7.5% clindamycin and 1.3% trimetoprim/sulfamethoxasol. The strains of S. aureus which were isolated from 100 different cheese samples were found resistant to 67% penicillin, 2% oxacillin, 7% erythromycin, 8% clindamycin, 2% gentamycin and 2% trimetoprim/sulfamethoxasol. The strains of S. aureus which were isolated from 100 different chicken meat samples were found resistant to 82% penicillin, 3% oxacillin, 8% erythromycin, 9% clindamycin and 2% gentamycin. If we evaluate all food samples together, were observed that, the strains of S. aureus were found resistant to 73.2% penicillin, 2.1% oxacillin, 7.1% erythromycin, 8.2% clindamycin, 1.4% gentamycin and 1.1% trimetoprim/sulfamethoxasol. From beta-lactamase ratios point ofview, in 280 food samples 134 (76.4%) of them were found positive. The current situation of antibiotic resistance and the possible
precautions were discussed out of precautions for minimizing possible risks of S. aureus.
Recep Kesli
Afyon Kocatepe University, Turkey
Title: Evaluation of all the isolated Gram positive cocci: Identification and resistance ratios, in Kocatepe University Hospital, during the 2012-2015
Biography:
Recep Kesli was graduated from Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine. He has obtained Microbiology Specialist title in 2001. He is working at Afyon Kocatepe University,School of Medicine as an Associate Professor and Chair. He has published a book and wrote many book chapters. His areas of interests are diagnostic techniques of HCV,Helicobacter pylori and anaerobic bacteria. He has also published articles in international SCI/SCIE and national journals (more than 60) in Turkish and English.
Abstract:
Aim: This study was aimed to determine the resistance rates of the tested antibiotics for Gram positive cocci strains at Microbiology Laboratory, ANS Research and Practice Hospital, Afyon Kocatepe University, between October 2012 and September 2015.
Methods: Identification and antibiotic resistance tests were determined by using both the conventional methods and automated system (VITEK2).
Results: Of the totally isolated 1.317 Gram positives, Staphylococcus aureus were found as the most frequently isolated strain 1.050 (79.7%), followed by Streptococcus spp., 147 (11.2%) and Enterococcus spp., 120 (9.1%). Of all the the S. aureus strains 459 (43.7%)were detected as oxacillin resistant and identified as methicilline resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Resistance rates of E. faecalis strains against to ampicillin, erythromycin and ciprofloxacin were 12%, 95% and 11.8% respectively. All the enterococci strains were found
to be susceptible to vancomycin, teicoplanin and linezolid. The resistance rates of Streptococcus agalactiae against to erithromycin and clindamycin were found to be as 36%, 28% and for Group-A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus strains were 17.9%, 1.2% respectively. None of the isolates exhibited resistance to penicilin and vancomycin for Group-A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus and Streptococcus agalactiae strains. The resistance rates of S. aureus against to clindamycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole/
trimethoprim were found to be as 38 (9.6%), 77 (19.5%), 116 (29.4), 152 (38.6%), 28 (7.1) respectively.
Conclusions: High resistance ratios, obtained from the study in Gram positive cocci was emphasized as a serious clinical problem
in our hospital.
Biography:
Rasih Felek has completed his MD from Hacettepe University School of Medicine and Postdoctoral studies from Ataturk University School of Medicine. He has published more than 14 papers in reputed journals.
Abstract:
Samples were collected from food workers’ hands, noses and throats. The aim of this study is to investigate the resistance of these S. aureus strains to several kinds of antibiotics and beta- lactamase activities of S. aureus stains. 150 S. aureus isolates of workers were investigated. The strains of S. aureus which were isolated from nose culture were found resistant to penicillin in 92%, oxacillin in 36%, erythtomycin in 24%, clindamycin in 16%, gentamycin in 40%, rifampicin in 44%, ciprofloxacin in 8% and trimetoprim/sulfamethoxasol in 6%. The strains of S. aureus which were isolated from throat cultures were found resistant to penicillin in 88%, oxacillin in 32%, erythtomycin in 26%, clindamycin in 14%, gentamycin in 42%, rifampicin in 44%, ciprofloxacin in 8% and trimetoprim/sulfametoksazol in 12%. The strains of S. aureus which were isolated from hand cultures were found resistant to penicillin in 84%, oxacillin in 30%, erythtomycin in 24%, clindamycin in 16%, gentamycin in 44%, rifampicin in 36%, ciprofloxacin in 10% andtrimetoprim/sulfamethoxasol in 18%. When all nose, throat and hand culture samples were evaluated together, the strains of S. aureus were found resistant to penicillin in 88%, oxacillin in 32.7%, erythtomycin in 24.7%, clindamycin in 15.3%, gentamycin in 42%, rifampicin in 41.3%, ciprofloxacin in 8.7% and trimetoprim/sulfamethoxasol in 12%. Total beta-lactamase ratios for nose, throat and hand samples of food workers were found positive in 132 (88.4%) out of 150 samples. General precautions to minimize the risks in terms of S. aureus, the current situation of antibiotic resistance and possible precautions were discussed.
Biography:
Recep Kesli was graduated from Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine. He has obtained Microbiology Specialist title in 2001. He is working at Afyon Kocatepe University, School of Medicine as an Associate Professor and Chair. He has published a book and wrote many book chapters. His areas of interests are diagnostic techniques of HCV, Helicobacter pylori and anaerobic bacteria. He has also published articles in international SCI/SCIE and national journals (more than 60) in Turkish and English.
Abstract:
Background & Aim: Non-fermenting Gram negative bacteria are remarkable cause of antimicrobial resistance; propensity to cause outbreaks and complex epidemiology. It is important to have data about antimicrobial resistance for reducing morbidity and mortality.
The aim of this study was to evaluate susceptibility rates of non-fermentative bacteria isolated from various clinical specimens in Microbiology Laboratory, ANS Research and Practice Hospital, Afyon Kocatepe University, between October 2012 and September 2015.
Methods: Of the isolated from blood, urine, wound and sterile fluids 639 non-fermenting Gram negatives (NFGN), 477 (74.6%) were identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 135 (21.1%) were Acinetobacter baumannii and 27 (4.3%) were Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. The isolates were identified by conventional methods and VITEK-2 automated identification system (bio-Mérieux, Marcy l’etoile,France). Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed by the Kirby-Bauer disk-diffusion method according to the standards of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).
Results: Resistance rates of P. auriginosa was found as follows: Amikacin 32%, gentamicin 42%, imipenem 43%, merpenem 43%, ciprofloxacin 50%, levofloxacin 52%, cefepim 38%, ceftazidim 63%, piperacillin/tacobactam 85%, for Acinetobacter baumannii; Amikacin 53.3%, gentamicin 56.6%, imipenem 83%, meropenem 86%, ciprofloxacin 100%, ceftazidim 100%, piperacillin/tazobactam 85%, colistin 0% and for S. malthophilia, levofloxacin 66.6% and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxozole 0%.
Conclusions: Colistin was found as the most effective antibiotic against Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter strains and trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxozole was for the Stenotrophomonas.
Vikrant Negi
Dr. Sampurnand Medical College, India
Title: A probiotic against the three idiots in critical care: ET tube-biofilm-MDR organisms
Biography:
Vikrant Negi is a PhD Scholar at Rajasthan University of Health Sciences. He has completed his Post-graduation in Medical Microbiology from Kasturba Medical College,Manipal University. He has published 11 papers in reputed journals. He has won Gold Medal in Bacteriology at MICROCON 2010 India, is nominated winner of Scientists Solution Innovative Student Project Fund Award 2011 and Winner of Quiz Competition in Parasitology at AIIMS Jodhpur, 2016. He has served as Demonstrator in Government Medical College, Srinagar Uttarakhand and as District Microbiologist at Integrated Diseases Surveillance Program, Jaisalmer, Rajasthan.
Abstract:
Biofilm formation in endotracheal tube is significant risk factor for ventilator associated pneumonia. Such biofilm producing bacteria were isolated by semi quantitative method from 3 different portions of inner lumen of endotracheal tubes after extubation from patients (n=73) in critical care unit. CPIS (Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score) of these patients was measured with other
clinical history. Drug resistance by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion testing and in vitro biofilm production by crystal violet assay was performed. Clinical data and microbiological results were correlated to determine the significance of the role of biofilm. Among the isolated bacteria, probable pathogenic Gram negative bacteria (GNB) were co-cultured with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (a probiotic) and subjected to crystal violet assay to see any reduction in biofilm production by them. Only 8 patients had CPIS more than 6. Microbial biofilm was isolated from 55 patients. Lower (innermost) part of ET tube had maximum yield. Acinetobacter species followed by Pseudomonas and Klebsiella had highest growth. Other than bacteria, Candida species were frequently isolated. Highest growth was seen in patients with intubation period of 4-7 days. Multi drug resistance was observed in most of the GNB. Only one
case of MRSA was found. All the GNB were found in vitro to form heavy biofilm. A significant decrease in O.D. value was seen in crystal violet assay when GNB were co-cultured with probiotic alone which proves that S. cerevisiae have an antagonistic effect on GNB isolated from ET tube of patients from critical care unit.
Recep Kesli
Afyon Kocatepe University, Turkey
Title: Examination of co-existence and connection of thyroid autoantibodies with the antinuclear antibody (ANA) positivity
Biography:
Recep Kesli was graduated from Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine. He has obtained Microbiology Specialist title in 2001. He is working at Afyon Kocatepe University,School of Medicine as an Associate Professor and Chair. He has published a book and wrote many book chapters. His areas of interests are diagnostic techniques of HCV,Helicobacter pylori and anaerobic bacteria. He has also published articles in international SCI/SCIE and national journals (more than 60) in Turkish and English.
Abstract:
Aim: This study was aimed to examine co-existence and connection of the thyroid autoantibodies such as anti-tiroglobulin (Anti-Tg),anti-peroxidase (Anti-TPO) and anti TSH receptor antibody (TRab) with the ANA positivity.
Methods: 42 samples which anyone of the thyroid autoantibodies positive and also evaluated for ANA test status for routinely in Microbiology Laboratory of Afyon Kocatepe University, ANS Research and Practice Hospital between June 2013 and May 2014 were included in the study. ANA test studied by using indirect immunofluorescence antibody test method (EUROIMMUN) and
anti-Tg and anti-TPO were investigated by using immunoblotting method (EUROIMMUN) and TRab was by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (DiaMetra).
Results: In this study; 42 patients with one or more thyroid autoantibody test positive and ANA test applied were included. Half of the totally included patients (21, (50%)) were ANA negative and the other half (21, (50%)) were positive. Homogen pattern was founded as the most frequent pattern (38.1%) and nuclear granular pattern was as 33.4%. Of the anti-TPO studied 42 patients; 18 were the both together positive with ANA, 41 anti-Tg6 and 21 TRab 4 were both positive with ANA. When we compare ANA positivity rate in the any one of the thyroid autoantibody positive group (50%) with normal population (23.8%), there was no statistically significance(Fisher test p>0.005).
Conclusions: Accomplishment possibility of the other ANA positive systemic collagen diseases to diagnose autoimmune thyroiditis ANA profiles should be monitored in surviving the autoimmune thyroid diseases.
Dagmar Schoder
University of Veterinary Medicine, Austria
Title: Drinking milk in Tanzania: An important reservoir and vector of enterotoxigenic, antibiotic resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus
Biography:
Dagmar Schoder is the Head of the working group Global Food Safety at the Institute of Milk Hygiene, Milk Technology and Food Science of the University of Veterinary Medicine in Vienna and President of Veterinarians Without Borders, Austria.
Abstract:
In Tanzania pastoralists such as the Maasai and small urban farmers are responsible for the country’s milk production, whereby 80% of the national milk is sold without regulation. This study set out the identification and typing of Staphylococcus aureus (SA) isolated throughout the milk chain in Tanzania. Samples were taken from production-level (pastoralists, urban farmers), collectionlevel (middlemen and depots), processors (dairies) and retailers (kiosks). Samples were analyzed for coagulase positive staphylococci and subsequently typed by enzymatic activities, enterotoxin production, lyses by phages, Pulse-field-gel electrophoreses and the resistance pattern to antibiotics. All in all 200 milk samples were collected in regions of Dar-es-Salaam and Lake Victoria, respectively. 37 of the 200 samples (18.5%) were identified as SA positive. 11 different biotypes were found and the predominant type accounted for 21.6% of all SA isolates (8/37). 32%, 43% and 92% of the isolates were β-hemolytic (12/37), egg yolk (16/37) and clumping factor positive (34/37). 54.1% (20/37) were positive for enterotoxin genes and 81.1% (30/37) of all strains were Penicillin resistant, further 37.8% of the strains were resistant to ≥2 antibiotics. 43% (16/37) of all strains were non-typeable by a set of 32 phages containing human, bovine and small ruminant phages. 43.2% (16/37) of the isolates were lysed by bovine phages. The most common phage types were type 81 (human, 15 isolates), 108 (bovine, 11 isolates) and type 117 and 111 (bovine, 7 isolates each). We can conclude that milk in Tanzania is an important reservoir and vector of enterotoxigenic, antibiotic resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus.
Salas-Vargas David Sergio
Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexico
Title: Molecular diagnostic and correlates of HIV/AIDS patients attending an HIV/AIDS Healthcare Center of the Northwest Mexico-USA border
Biography:
Salas-Vargas David Sergio has completed his PhD from Autonomous University of Baja California (UABC), Mexico. He was the Dean of the School of Health Sciences for almost eight years. He is currently the Coordinator of Postgraduate and Research Studies at the School of Health Sciences at UABC and Lecture of Epidemiology to undergraduate and postgraduate students.
Abstract:
Background: Tijuana is the largest urban metropolis in Northwestern Mexico and home to many people who has migrated from within Mexico and from the United States jails, which arrived to Tijuana and remain in unfavorable socioeconomic conditions. HIV/AIDS prevalence continues to be a public health problem in Mexico. Knowing the advantages of a more specific treatment to HIV/AIDS patients by identifying the subtype of HIV-1, we explored the correlates of HIV/AIDS patients living in Tijuana and identify if
the molecular test for sub-typing HIV-1 is done prior initiating an HIV/AIDS treatment.
Material & Methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study in a non-randomized sample of 46 HIV/AIDS patients. A structured survey was applied to each patient to analyze their risk conducts and to determine if health centers provide the molecular test to subtype the HIV-1.
Results: 46 patients infected with HIV-1 were included in the study, mean age 35 years. The majority (74%) was man, 15% were homosexuals and 4% bisexuals. 50% were single and 40% had been in jail; 30% had Tuberculosis associated; 34% had received previously a blood transfusion; 15% where still consuming intravenously drugs and 20% responded they use the same syringe several times. 20 health professionals perceived the need for the molecular sub-typing of the HIV-1 but there is not a laboratory at the main health centers in Tijuana that can do the test.
Conclusions: In order to give a more specific treatment to HIV/AIDS patients and avoid the possible resistance to anti-retrovirals, it
is necessary to perform molecular sub-typing of HIV-1 to treat more effectively our HIV/AIDS patients.
Asmaa Belgharbi
University of Mascara, Algeria
Title: Characterization of the impact of the re-nutrition milk on the clinical profile and intestinal microbiota of the malnourish children
Biography:
Asmaa Belgharbi is a young Algerian Teacher. She has completed her graduation in Biology from Mascara University and Post-graduation in Microbiology from the same university. She is a Teacher of Predictive Microbiology in Mascara University, Faculty of Sciences and she is responsible for the formation of nurses in Paramedical School of Mascara. She has participated in different national congresses of microbiology.
Abstract:
Infantile malnutrition is scourge that causes the death of 3.1 million children aged less than 5 years in the world each year. Recently,several studies have focused on the effect of intestinal flora on the weight regulation. In this context, we set two principal objectives of our work, in which one is to characterize the clinical profile and the composition of intestinal flora of the children malnourished and the healthy ones, residents at the town of Mascara (Algeria). The second objective is to specify the impact of the administration
of the re-nutrition milk on the intestinal composition of the microbiota of the malnourished children. So a group of 40 children of the two sexes aged between 2 and 36 months were selected for this study. A clinical examination near the podiatrists of the hospital Meslem Tayeb of the town of Mascara and a microbiological analysis of fecal matter were done. This research made it possible to note that the malnourished children included in this study suffer from a serious malnutrition characterized by a delay of growth and a remarkable weight insufficiency and that their intestinal flora is quantitatively and qualitatively different with that from the healthy one on one hand and on the other hand the administration of re-nutrition milk does not have any significant influence on the composition of the intestinal flora of these malnourished children.
Hamid Sonia
Université M’Hamed Bouguerra Boumerdes, Algeria
Title: Test of local fungal strain culture Beauveria bassiana (Bals-Criv) (Veuil, 1912) on olivepomace derived from the Bejaia region, Algeria
Biography:
Hamid Sonia has completed her PhD from Faculty of Sciences and Postdoctoral studies from University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, Algeria. Currently she is an Assistant Master Class B at the Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences and Earth Sciences, University of Bouira and Member of the Doctoral Committee at the Université M’Hamed Bouguerra Boumerdes, She has published 4 papers in reputed journals.
Abstract:
The aim of this work was the development by biotechnological means a sub olive products: The olive pomace for the wilaya of Bejaia, Algeria in order to cultivate a local fungal strain Beauveria bassiana to produce biomass by fermentation of the residue and to determine their physicochemical and microbiological composition. The results show that the physicochemical composition of olive pomace is interesting 91%, 5.4% and 1.54% respectively for dry matter, ash and soluble sugars is low in crude cellulose which is 18% with an acid pH 6.02. Microbiological analysis shows significant burden microorganisms. The growth of these germs on various carbon sources shows that the pomace can be converted by fermentation on solid medium to produce a biomass Beauveria bassiana that gave encouraging results: Biomass production of 1.2×108 spores/ml that is accompanied by changes in pH and rate of degradation of cellulosic compounds and soluble sugars.
Boufeldja Wahiba
Université Djillali Liabes, Algeria
Title: Determination of anti-microbacterial effect, antioxidant activity and phenolic contents of Algerian desert truffle
Biography:
Abstract:
Tirmania and Terfezia, so-called desert truffles, are hypogeous ascomycota fungi. These truffles are edible and their geographical distribution is limited to arid and semi-arid lands, mostly in countries around the Mediterranean basin. Terfezia leonis is a rare and famous truffle as well as in Algeria for its pleasant aroma and flavor. People believe that this mushroom has some medicinal properties. Therefore, it is consumed as food and for medicinal purposes; methanol extracts of T. leonis was tested to reveal its antibacterial activity against three clinically important bacteria Staphylococcus aureus ATCC6538, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC14028 and Escherichia coli ATCC25922, The in vitro antimicrobial activity was performed by agar disc diffusion method. The scavenging effect of T. leonis on 2, 2-diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals was measured with a 4.84mg/ml IC50 for 200mg/ml concentration. In addition, the phenolic contents were determined as follows: the total phenolic was 53.62 mg/g, the flavonoids were 18.11mg/g, the carotenoids were 7.95 mg/g and the vitamin C was 574 μg/g. The results showed that T. leonis has antimicrobial activity on the Gram negative and positive bacteria as well as yeast and it also has a high antioxidant capacity. Therefore, T. leonis can
be recommended as an important natural food source.
Boudjemaa Hadjer
Benbouali Hassiba University of Chlef, Algeria
Title: Bioactive constituents and potential antimicrobial of essential oil of Lavandula angustifolia Mill: Other treatment against penicillin resistant bacteria and uropathogenic Candida
Biography:
Boudjemaa Hadjer is currently a Doctorate student in Benbouali Hassiba University of Chlef.
Abstract:
Currently, the evolution a number of infectious diseases has been indiscriminate each year, emerging and re-emerging infection bacteria resistant to antibiotics becomes a threat to the health of humanity. Medicinal plants constitute bioactive substances, the powerful weapons against multidrug resistant microbial infection. In this research, our object to detect antibacterial and antifungal potentials of the Mediterranean Lavandula angustifolia Mill (lavender oil) with its bioactive compounds, linalyl anthranilate and linalool, were determined in vitro against twelve reference and clinical penicillin resistant strain encountered in private laboratory.EO was evaluated for antimicrobial activity by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), bactericidal, fungicide by disc diffusion assay and agar dilution assay. The strains that showed resistance against penicillin, ampicillin and oxacillin antibiotics tested were selected for an antibacterial assay. The penicillin resistant bacteria strains were sensitive to the antimicrobial activity of EO of
Lavandula angustofolia Mill. The most inhibition zone of Lavender essential oil was related to E.coli ATCC1536 and Bacillus subtilis ATCC6133 and B. cereus ATCC10876, Micrococcus luteus, in disk diffusion in agar well diffusion method. The lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for Lavender essential oil against E.coli ATCC1536, B. subtilis ATCC6133, M. luteus were 0.02%, 0.02%, 0.04% (v/v) respectively. The MIC value of Lavender essential oil against C. albicans, C. albicans ATCC1231 were 0.04%,
0.02% (v/v) respectively. Bactericidal activity was higher against almost all tested bacteria M. luteus, B. subtillis ATCC6133, B. cereus ATCC10876 were 0.02%; mean minimum fungicide concentration (MFC) of C. albicans, C. albicans ATCC1231 0.1%, 0.01% (v/v)respectively. The composition of bioactive molecule of EO was analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry showing terpene alcohol as dominant constituent. Lavender essential oil is strong potential microbicide against the tested bacterial and fungal human pathogens strains.
Merradi Manel
Batna 2 University, Algeria
Title: A study of antibiotic susceptibility of clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa at University Hospital Center in Batna, Algeria
Biography:
Merradi Manel has completed her graduate degree in Microbiology from Hadj Lakhdar Batna University, Algeria and Master’s degree in Microbiology (Microbiology of Aquatic Ecosystems) from Abbes Laghrour University Khenchela, Algeria in 2012 and in the same year she had her graduate degree in Translation Arabic/French/English from Hadj Lakhdar-Batna University, Algeria. She has completed first year of her PhD in Microbiology at the Hadj Lakhdar-Batna University, Algeria in 2014. She has more than 15 participations in different national and international seminars.
Abstract:
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important opportunistic pathogen that plays an important role in hospital and causes a wide spectrum of nosocomial infections that can lead to sepsis, pneumonia, endocarditis and urinary tract infections. The development of resistance of P. aeruginosa to antibiotics is increasing globally due to the overuse of antibiotics. This study examines the antibiotic
resistance in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa that was carried out in the Central Bacteriology Laboratory, University Hospital Center in Batna from January 2015 to December 2015. All samples received in the laboratory were processed according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI, 2014) guidelines. Identification of P. aeruginosa was done by conventional (API 20 NE)techniques and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern to 14 antimicrobial agents was determined by disc diffusion method. A total of 199 patients with mean age 245±22.15 (50.25% males and 49.75% females) were included. The resistance was seen with, levofloxacin(21.6%), ceftazidime (9.55%), piperacillin (38.68%), colistin (6.03%), gentamicin (30.15%), ciprofloxacin (9.04%) aztreonam (8.54%) and imipenem (14.07%). The most frequent mechanisms of resistance were OprD2 (2.01%) and metallo-b-lactamase MβL (1%). The most affected departments were: Burned (29.14%), neurosurgery (17.58%) and the medical-ICU (11.55%). Specimen’s frequency according to the isolation rate was: Pus (53.77%) and cerebrospinal fluid (12.56%). In the present study aztreonam, ceftazidime,ciprofloxacin and colistin were found to be the most effective drugs against P. aeruginosa.
Debib Aicha
Blida 1 University, Algeria
Title: HPLC analysis phenolic content and antimicrobial activities of two fruit varieties of Algerian Ficus carica L.
Biography:
Debib Aicha has completed her PhD in 2012 from Mascara University. She is the Associate Director of Bioconversion, Microbiological Engineering and Health Security Laboratory, SNV Faculty, Mascara University, Algeria.
Abstract:
Dried fig (Ficus carica L.) fruit is an important part of traditional Mediterranean Algerian diet since antiquity. The present study deals with the evaluation of the in vitro antimicrobial potential of four different extracts of two varieties (Azendjar and Taamriout) of dried figs (Ficus carica L.) by using the agar diffusion methods and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination. Moreover, the extracts were investigated for their phenolic content by using the HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS analyses. The results showed
that all extracts possessed more or less antimicrobial activity against the tested Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Candida albicans was the most susceptible microorganism to all extracts. Pronounced antimicrobial activity was observed by the methanolic extract of Taamriout variety (MIC values 32-128 mg/mL). Moreover, the results showed that the phenolic compounds and flavonoids were abundant in Azendjar variety. Obtained results highlights the importance of Algerian dried figs as a source of antimicrobial agents Therefore, the F. carica extracts have the potential to be developed into dietary supplements and nutraceuticals.
Mohammed A Alaryni
Umm Al-Qura University, KSA
Title: Influenza-like illness (ILI) among Hajj pilgrims in 2014
Biography:
Mohammed A Alaryni is an ambitious and a hard working Medical student. During his college years, he has participated in many research activities. He was the Head of the scientific committee of medical student’s research club. He is keen on public presentations and gave many lectures and presentations to junior students.
Abstract:
Background & Aim: Influenza is an important health hazard among Hajj pilgrims. For the last 10 years, pilgrims are being
recommended to take influenza vaccine before attending Hajj. Vaccination coverage has increased in recent years but whether there
has been any change in the prevalence of influenza-like illness (ILI) is not known. In this analysis, we examined the changes in the
rate of ILI against seasonal influenza vaccine uptake among Hajj pilgrims over the last decade.
Method: Data for this analysis is a synthesis of raw and published data from eleven Hajj seasons between 2005 and 214. For seven Hajj
seasons the data were obtained from studies involving pilgrims of UK, Saudi Arabia and Australia and for the remaining four Hajj seasons data were abstracted from published studies involving pilgrims from multiple countries. The data from both sources were synthesized to estimate the relative risk (RR) of acquisition of ILI in vaccinated versus unvaccinated pilgrims.
Results: The pooled sample size of the included studies was 33213 with most pilgrims being in the age band of 40-60 years (range: 0.5 to 95 years) and a male to female ratio of 1.6. The pilgrims originated, in order of frequency, from Iran, Australia, France, UK, Saudi Arabia, Indonesia, India, Algeria, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Somalia, Turkey, Syria, Sierra Leone and USA. Except for one year (2008), data from individual years did not demonstrate a noticeable change in the rate of ILI against influenza vaccine coverage, however the combined data from all studies suggest that the prevalence of ILI decreased among Hajj pilgrims as the vaccine coverage increased
over the last decade (RR 0.2, P<0.01).
Conclusion: This analysis suggests that influenza vaccine might be beneficial for Hajj pilgrims. However controlled trials aided by
molecular diagnostic tools could confirm whether such an effect is real or ostensible.
Palina Vyhouskaya
Jagiellonian University, Poland
Title: New insights in the mechanisms and prophylaxis of early childhood caries
Biography:
Palina Vyhouskaya has completed her MSc in Laboratory Medicine at Jagiellonian University Medical College in Krakow, Poland. She is currently working in the field of Laboratory Medicine at Jagiellonian University Medical College in Krakow Poland.
Abstract:
Background: Determination of the presence of biofilm on the tooth surface is one of the diagnostic methods of caries. This plaque is composed of saprophytic bacterial strains colonizing the oral cavity and forming a three-dimensional structure anchored to the solid surfaces and embedded in an exo-polysaccharide matrix. The ability to form such a complex structure is attributed to, among others, Streptococcus mutans that is one of the major etiologic factors of this disease.Several direct anticaries agents (DAAs) for the treatment of early childhood caries (EEC) due to elicit side effects such as vomiting,diarrhoea, addiction or teeth discoloration. Additionaly, mechanism of action of these compounds is often incomplete relative to the bacteria colonizing the plaque. Thus, alternative substances of antibacterial properties which could be safe for users are still being searched.The formation of genetic maps (including host, as well as microbiota) of such environments and the detection of biofactors indicating the predisposition for a given disease may contribute to the development of new diagnostic methods in reference to
individual persons, and thus individualized therapy. So far, numerous active bacterial factors and molecular mechanisms of their interactions with the host have been discovered. However, the problem of the presence of healthy oral microbiome bacteria and relating teeth colonization with a potential infection development requires further study.
- Workshop: Microbial strain collection and taxonomy
Location: Salon II & III
Chair
Joachim Wink
Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI),Germany